The New York State more » Energy Research and Development Authority contracted with Acres International Corporation to study two small hydro projects designed and built using the modular approach, and compare each one with an equivalent conventional design. Other features are the use of siphon penstocks, induction generators, prefabricated structures, and automated control equipment. A key feature is the replacement of the conventional purpose-designed hydroelectric turbine by a pump used in reverse as a turbine with fixed blades and vanes. The modular approach aims to maximize the use of ''off-the-shelf'' and readily available components. The modular approach has been developed for the construction of small hydro projects in order to reduce the costs and to shorten procurement and construction schedules that occur when designs and equipment selection more applicable to large projects are used. The discussions, data, and information presented are based on experiences with the following more » operational siphon penstock plants: Columbia Mills Hydroelectric Plant, Virginia Jim Falls Minimum Flow Unit Hydro Development, Wisconsin Lac Courte Oreilles Hydro Development, Wisconsin Ontelaunee Hydroelectric Project, Pennsylvania Pine Grove Dam Hydroelectric Station, Pennsylvania Pocono Lake Hydroelectric Project, Pennsylvania Schaads Reservoir Hydroelectric Project, California Second Broad River Hydroelectric Project, North Carolina Superior Dam Power Station, Michigan Tierckenkill Falls Hydroelectric Project, New York and Traicao Hydroelectric Project, Brazil.
The purpose of the study was to review the design, construction, operation, and maintenance considerations for siphon penstocks. This report on the use of siphon penstocks for hydroelectric installations has been prepared under DOE Contract AC07-82ID12356 by Acres International Corporation and draws extensively on the information and data assembled by the following organizations: CHI Engineering Services Clearwater Hydro Gannett Fleming Water Resources Engineers, Inc. Section 10 contains the conclusions which have been made from the review of siphon penstock = , Recommendations for future design, based on the experiences with the above listed projects, are presented in Section 9. The comparative costs of siphon penstocks versus conventional designs are discussed in Section 8. Sections 4, 5, 6, and 7 contain a review of the design, construction, operation, and maintenance considerations. The benefits and drawbacks of siphon penstocks are summarized in Section 3. The discussions, data, and information presented are based on experiences with the following operational siphon penstock plants: A general description of siphon penstocks is presented in Section 2. This report on the use of siphon penstocks for hydroelectric installations has been prepared under DOE Contract DE-AC07-82ID12356 by Acres International Corporation and draws extensively on the information and data assembled by the following organizations: The purpose of the study was to review the design, construction, operation, and maintenance considerations for siphon penstocks.
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